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DNA repair protein RAD50

UniProtKB accession:  P12753
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Go to UniProtKB:  P12753
UniProtKB description:  Component of the MRN complex, which plays a central role in double-strand break (DSB) repair, DNA recombination, maintenance of telomere integrity and meiosis (PubMed:26896444, PubMed:28134932). The MRN complex is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via homologous recombination (HR), an error-free mechanism which primarily occurs during S and G2 phases (By similarity). The complex (1) mediates the end resection of damaged DNA, which generates proper single-stranded DNA, a key initial steps in HR, and is (2) required for the recruitment of other repair factors and efficient activation of TEL1/ATM and ATR upon DNA damage (PubMed:26896444, PubMed:28134932). The MRN complex possesses single-strand endonuclease activity and double-strand-specific 3'-5' exonuclease activity, which are provided by MRE11, to initiate end resection, which is required for single-strand invasion and recombination (By similarity). Within the complex, RAD50 is both required to bind DNA ends and hold them in close proximity and regulate the activity of MRE11 (PubMed:26896444). RAD50 provides an ATP-dependent control of MRE11 by positioning DNA ends into the MRE11 active site: ATP-binding induces a large structural change from an open form with accessible MRE11 nuclease sites into a closed form (By similarity). The MRN complex is also required for the processing of R-loops (PubMed:31537797).
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