Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Lixtraxen 1%
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Ultacan Forte
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Zorcaine
Articaine
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
EpiPen Jr
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Citanest Forte
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Lidocaine Hci
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Twinject
LIDOCAINE HCl
Gingi-pak Pellets
Ephinephrine
Lignospan Forte
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Epipen
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Dysne Inhal
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Ana-kit
Lidosite
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Orostat 8%
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Adrenalin(r)
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Adyphren Kit
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Lignospan Speciale Inj
D-Care 100X
QKit Procedure Tray
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Taroclick Epinephrine
Octocaine 50
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Adyphren Amp Kit
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Ultacan
Primatene Mist
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
EPY Kit
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Ultracaine DS Inj
Anapen Junior
Epinephrine Professional
Septanest Sp
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Epinephrine Injection
Minnerva II
Lidocaine
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Allerject
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Adrenalin
Numquick Analgesic
Septocaine
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Zone 2
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Vivacaine
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Primatene Mist Refill
Pro Numb
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Marcaine
Marcaine With Epinephrine
EPY II Kit
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Septanest N
The Solution
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Adrenaclick
Emerade
Auvi-Q
Medihaler-Epi
EpinephrineSnap-V
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Posicaine Sp
Prime Asthma Relief
Xylocaine
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Sensorcaine Forte
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrinesnap-V
Orabloc 1:100,000
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Sensorcaine Mpf
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Lignospan Standard
Symjepi
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Anapen
Epinephrine
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Articadent
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Epinephrine Injection USP
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Leep RediKit
Posicaine N
EpiPen
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Octocaine 100
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Sensorcaine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Orabloc
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Xylocaine MPF
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Epipen Jr
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Marcaine E
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Orabloc 1:200,000
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Adyphren II Kit
Indication
Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682