1E4O

Phosphorylase Recognition and Phosphorylysis of its Oligosaccharide Substrate: Answers to a Long Outstanding Question

(1999) EMBO J 18: 4619

• PubMed: 10469642 Search on PubMedSearch on PubMed Central
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/18.17.4619
• Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
  1E4O, 1QM5


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

  Phosphorylases are key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Structural studies have provided explanations for almost all features of control and substrate recognition of phosphorylase but one question remains unanswered. How does phosphorylase recognize and cleave an oligosaccharide substrate? To answer this question we turned to the Escherichia coli maltodextrin phosphorylase (MalP), a non-regulatory phosphorylase that shares similar kinetic and catalytic properties with the mammalian glycogen phosphorylase. The crystal structures of three MalP-oligosaccharide complexes are reported: the binary complex of MalP with the natural substrate, maltopentaose (G5); the binary complex with the thio-oligosaccharide, 4-S-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-4-thiomaltotetraose (GSG4), both at 2.9 A resolution; and the 2.1 A resolution ternary complex of MalP with thio-oligosaccharide and phosphate (GSG4-P). The results show a pentasaccharide bound across the catalytic site of MalP with sugars occupying sub-sites -1 to +4. Binding of GSG4 is identical to the natural pentasaccharide, indicating that the inactive thio compound is a close mimic of the natural substrate. The ternary MalP-GSG4-P complex shows the phosphate group poised to attack the glycosidic bond and promote phosphorolysis. In all three complexes the pentasaccharide exhibits an altered conformation across sub-sites -1 and +1, the site of catalysis, from the preferred conformation for alpha(1-4)-linked glucosyl polymers.

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Organizational Affiliation: 

Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK. [email protected]